Hahaha First Berlin-Themed Post!

So...Berlin is great!  Our first week was fairly packed with classes, lectures, and tours, leaving the weekends free to explore the city for ourselves.  As the program has progressed we've gainedd more freedom with our time; this corresponds with our need to do outside research for our own projects.

We are staying in an apartment complex in Mitte, just outside of Kreuzburg.  Mitte (or where we are in Mitte) is part of formerly East Berlin, right next to where the border used to be.  Crossing into former West Berlin the building style changes dramatically - from uniform, rectangular gray-ish complexes to a more colorful urban cityscape, you don't even have to interact with people to see how (re)unification is a process, not a product, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.  Manuela, one of our professors here, asserts that there are subtle differences in language that still differentiate between people who grew up in the East and people who grew up in the West.  Our topic of mobility and migration applies to much more than just Turkish Immigration - I am realizing this on macro and microcosmic levels.

One section of Kreuzberg, SO-36, is known high population of Turkish immigrants.  This is made apparent in part by the many Turkish restaurants in the area (ie delicious doner kebap joints), as well as by the many  Muslim women and children begging on the sidewalks.  One theme we have been hearing a lot about is the "problem of integration."  This is the idea that migrants never become "German" enough.  What this means has never been clarified to me.  I think it means being white.

There is apparently this really racist and popular book written by a politician called "Germany Abolishes Itself."  It talks about the problem of migrants and how they are inherently worse in every way than "Germans."  We've been talking about how people in Germany shy away from talking about race because of their Nazi past - it is very different from in the US, where discrimination is very specifically legalized and terms are regulated closely by the state.  Here in Germany, they only recently implemented a soft anti-discrimination law.

We've been meeting with a lot of people organizing around anti-racism and migrant rights.  We've also been seeing a lot of Kreuzburg, looking at it from the perspective of gentrification, migration, etc.  This is all very interesting.

Weather here is generally either very hot and sunny or gray and rainy.  On the gray and rainy days it is very like Seattle, only much flatter.

I wish I spoke German, because all the time people approach me speaking German, and I feel so ashamed that I have to say, "Sorry, but do you speak English?"  I knew coming into this program that this would be an issue I had to deal with, coming here for such a short time with no background in the German language.  Lucky for me, many people here do speak English.

Ooooh, one of the coolest things I've done here is visit an abandoned Amusement Park and an abandoned Hospital, both in former East Germany.  My friend Julia is a practiced urban explorer, and she finds these sites on the internet and goes there to photograph them.  I and a few other friends tagged along, and we spend two separate days exploring these places.  I will try to post some pictures soon.

But they were both SOOOOO COOL.  Being in empty broken buildings where normal fun/healthy things happened a long time ago is oddly exhilarating.  One of the rooms in one of the buildings looked like a ballroom, and it had a giant untouched mirror leaning against the wall.  Another room used to be a children's room - the walls were painted with trees, a pond, deer, other landscape, and guitars, and there was a small stage and a playhouse in the corner.  We had a scare where we were trying to find our way up from the pitch-dark basement, and all of a sudden we heard other footsteps and muffled voices above and around us.  We turned of our two tiny flashlights and held onto each other in petrified silence for a good three minutes before deciding to proceed with caution.  As we guessed it ended up being other explorers like us - they were friendly and quiet, and we smiled at each other and minded our own business.  But man, those three minutes were like from a Nancy Drew book: exhilarating and mysterious and generally harmless.

One other thing before I go: a few nights ago there was a riot/protest that came through our neighborhood.  We figured out that it was in remembrance of the death of this guy named Carlo Giuliani who was shot by the police in Italy ten years ago.  The police followed it around Kreuzburg, and were met with thrown beer bottles and a few fire crackers.  We had actually heard the booms earlier on in the evening while we were watching Pirates of the Caribbean in our apartment, but we didn't bother to investigate until they were right outside our window.  It all turned out okay, but it was kind of scary at first.  Interesting, though.  Definitely worth reporting.

That's all for now; sorry it's been so long since I've updated!  Hopefully next time will be sooner.

Captions for Photos

Image 1

Car image: Riding in the car, we had just arrived in Istanbul.  I wanted to somehow acknowledge that we were in a new country, so I tried to photo-document.  The pictures show little but the fact that we are in a car at night, and that I can’t see much of the city around me.  I distinctly remember thinking, “If I take a picture, I can justify being here, or justify in my head that I actually am ‘here,’ which is somewhere different than I normally am.”  Thus, I used my camera to normalize my numb shock.

Image 2:

HP in the Turkish Bath: This picture shocked me as much as it did because it took two completely unrelated elements, Harry Potter and a Turkish bath, and put them into an uncomfortable picture.  Then, that uncomfortable picture was being sold next to jewelry and scarf shops, which just made it stand out as more shocking than ever.  In my photo album, this picture comes after a long day’s worth of shooting buildings and neighborhoods, again adding to the shock value.  I took the picture because of how much I knew it would surprise people back home.

Image 3:

The Blue Mosque: Going into a building like this, I could hardly take in the entire scene with my eyes, let alone my camera.  Therefore I ended up taking many pictures of parts of the ceiling, partially blocked by the intricate chandeliers.  In the photograph you can hardly tell it’s part of the chandelier: it looks more like interesting iron grating over pretty tile mosaics.  The fact that it’s a mosque at all easily escapes  the picture.

Image 4:

Half of a Neighborhood: Admittedly this is not a particularly artistic photograph (few of mine are).  This image depicts a section of the neighborhood Orhan took us to where on one side the houses were able to get their private building renewals funded by the government, whereas the buildings on the other side were undergoing forced gentrification.  For me this picture represents the neoliberal agenda making life difficult for a certain group of people – not because of their special location in the Orient, or their particular poverty, but as part of a widespread phenomena happening in the West as well as in the East.

Image 5:

Catholic Church: Images of Churches are deeply personal to me because I have recently begun to associate church with feelings of home and family.  While I don’t believe that any one space is more holy than any other, I deeply appreciate the history and beauty of old churches in a way that I feel less when I go to a mosque, simply because a church holds a space for a religion with which I am familiar. 

Images 6 and 7:

The two pictures I chose reflect my understanding of the modern nation-state’s affect on culture and public perception of immigration.  The first is a picture taken from the Sapphire Tower, showing just one side of the densely constructed Istanbul.  The second is a picture of the door to one of the synagogues preserved in part with a sense of nostalgia towards a diverse and tolerant pre-modern past.  What seems to be a recurring theme in our lectures, however, is that the welfare state, as a modern phenomena, eliminates the possibility of returning to the longed for idyllic diversity of the Ottoman Empire.  Instead it facilitates exclusion of certain minorities by those in power’s perceived necessity.

                Orhan described pre-modern Turkey’s property laws as such: God had dominion over the land, which went in and out of the stewardship of different generations.  A family could use the land as long as it needed it, but the land would never be a sign of that family’s material wealth.  In modernity the opposite is true: an individual buys private property with her accumulated wealth, raising her status in society.  With this model, a newly migrated or immigrated person would not have the property status of those already living there, and could therefore be seen as worthless, or as less important.  Squatters, we learned, could both benefit from and fall victim to this perspective in society.  As invisible participants in the labor economy, they provide cheap labor to the industry sector without having to pay for property; all the while the government does not need to provide social services to these migrants.  When squatter communities became legalized for this reason, they changed from being purely productive areas to having consumptive economies of their own.  Though communities of first and second-generation migrants are often mischaracterized as leeching off of the good that comes from a welfare state,  Didam pointed out that this is not the case, as exemplified by these growing, economically viable immigrant communities.

                Jen and Orhan both emphasized the fact that the synagogues have been part of a pronounced effort to reassert the multi-religious, multi-cultural tolerance of pre-modern turkey.  This partially entails protective efforts against Anti-Semitic acts of violence.  Outside one synagogue, Jen said that during bar mitzvahs and other important events, they have guards stationed outside to make sure nobody tries to do anything bad to them.  On the other hand, Orhan showed us two synagogues in the working class district that go unused by the residents nearby, and instead are frequented by more affluent Jews from far away districts.  He said that the state-sponsored gentrification process in that part of the city is supported not only by the anti-immigration right, but also by much of the intellectual left, who support it as reflective of the diversity of “nations” (Armenians, Jews, Greeks and Turks) of Turkey.  However, Turkey as a modern nation-state exists with the assumption that all of its residents are “Turks.”  In reality there is tension between “Turks” and members of the different “nations” – a tension not easily reconciled by attempts to preserve spaces which once fostered diversity.

                I came on this trip wanting to learn more about immigration in general, but especially interested in organizing in immigrant communities outside of the US.  I have so far learned about some of the specific struggles of particular communities, such as the Kurds, who have been organizing against their forced relocation by the Turkish government.  The meaning of gentrification and how it manifests has been made more concretely apparent and understandable to me than ever before.  I have also been learning what it is that immigrant organizations and their allies are working against: the fear some have of losing a national identity, and of what it means to be Turkish or German or American.  The most important thing I am realizing is that our own constructed ideas of nation-state and belonging make it difficult to realize when the game is changing and how we can keep playing it in an educated and compassionate way.

Visual Assignment # 1 - Images

Here are the visuals that I chose for my first assignment (http://uwhonorsinberlin2011.blogspot.com/2011/06/visual-assignment-plus-writing.html):

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6.

 7.

Today!

Hello again!

Today was fabulous, and don't let anybody tell you differently.  We took a ten-hour bus and walking tour of certain sectors of Istanbul, guided by an extremely knowledgeable professor of History and Built Environment, Orhan.  (Don't ask me how to properly spell his name, cause I won't.)  We bused from neighborhood to neighborhood, getting out for forty five minutes at a time to listen to him talk.  He talked about "modern" vs. "pre-modern" Turkey, migration within the country into and out of Istanbul, certain neighborhoods that grew from migration and cheap labor, working class neighborhoods facing government-funded gentrification, and I don't know...a lot of other stuff.  Seeing the even just the buildings of the city from this perspective was so cool.  For one thing, they LOOK really neat because they're built so close together.  For another, each neighborhood we visited looked and felt slightly different, and learning why made it much more meaningful.

For example, one neighborhood was built around and partially built to fund the Greek Orthodox church it surrounded.  Because of its location around the old church, the modernization process it had undergone had not been able to straighten out the streets into a grid of any sort, so it was just winding everywhere and going up and down hills and in general being very picturesque.  In the neighborhood undergoing state-led gentrification we could see the buildings that had been recently renovated TO LOOK EXACTLY LIKE THEY HAD BEFORE whether or not the dwellers could afford to renovate or move.  A couple houses we passed had signs in the windows that said, "Hands off my house!" in Turkish.  That neighborhood was mostly made up of families, so it was completely safe for kids to play around in the streets without adults.

I feel like I learned so much relevant information in just one day - and we're only still in Istanbul!  I'm nerding out, and am stoked for the rest of this trip.  I will try to post a few pictures.

Edit: It should be noted that the gentrification lecturer was quite into himself, and not the nicest guy.  His tour was far too long.  This turned off most of the group - I'm still not sure why I enjoyed this particular bit so much, because people are still very bitter about the eleven-hour tour.  Anyway, I thought I should disclaim that.  It's interesting and amusing to me.

yesterday

Hello everyone!  I wrote this entry yesterday, so it no longer applies.  But I thought I'd post it, so here you are:

Hey folks!  As I’ve said, I feel a bit odd about this whole blogging thing, but I am going to try to do it of my own accord rather than only when my teachers tell me to.  So here goes.

We got into Istanbul last night around midnight.  This was after roughly 20 hours of traveling – 14 of them spent flying.  (I must say, British Airways gave the best dinner and a movie plus breakfast the next morning flying experience I’ve ever had.  Not only was I served alcohol, but it was free!  And don’t worry, I just had a tiny little bottle of red wine.  Luckily I am not a wine snob, so I could not tell if it was very bad or not.  However, I watched HP 7 and I can assure you of my competency in judging it to be very good.)  I wish I had packed lighter – that is what I get for waiting until the day I left.  I did reasonably well, but my computer is absurdly heavy – I would have done better to rent one from the Honors Department.  My back and shoulders ache from lugging around just my carry-on, which contained my laptop.  Oh well.  I live and I learn.

So even though I went to bed almost immediately after we checked in to our hostel, I probably did not sleep until closer to 2 or 3.  This is because our room’s windows open to a happenin’ side street, and there was stuff happenin’ all night.  The most happenin’ thing that happened, though, was the morning call to prayer, which occurred at 5 am.  I only groggily remember it as being beautiful and as lasting for quite some time.  If I hadn’t processed before then that I was in another country, the call to prayer certainly helped me fully realize the strangeness.  Also, daylight showed me the unique architecture and “feel” of Istanbul – we spent today on a wonderfully-guided tour of the area we’re staying in.

There are a surprising number of churches and synagogues in this area alone, though they represent the religious minorities of the region.  We were told that much of the recent embrace and preservation of synagogues is “towing the government line” of tolerance.  Our guide, Jen, gave us an insightful and very brief history and context of Istanbul, from the rise and fall of the Ottoman empire to the present day. 

There seems to be a rising popular nostalgia for long-ago times of coexistence between people of different religious and ethnic backgrounds – a nostalgia which sometimes contradicts certain historic forced relocations of groups of people, such as with the Armenians and the Greek  Orthodox.  Currently, the party in power is both culturally and religiously Muslim, and bringing great controversy to the nature of the long-ago secularized Turkish state.  (Jen clarified that here, secularization means enforced government supervision and control of religion, rather than the “separation of Church and State” with which we are so familiar in the USA.)  Despite the apparently conservative outcome of the recent election, however, Jen assures us that there are vibrant emerging youth movements, with youth becoming increasingly more politicized than the generation before them.  Cool, I guess.

I am honestly still a bit confused about differentiating between secular culture, Muslim culture, Muslim religion and religious minorities, and the power dynamics they carry.  Hopefully I will come to understand this a bit better over the next few days.

I am greatly looking forward to learning more tomorrow about an organization for migrant communities.  This will be extremely relevant to my proposed research project.  

Research Proposal - Organizing in Immigrant Communities

           As a member of student-labor solidarity group UW United Students Against Sweatshops, and having some experience working with migrant farm workers in my hometown of Davis, California, I am interested in community centers and community organizing among immigrants.  I want to know how these organizations get started, who starts them, how they thrive and how they can be a sustainable part of their communities. There are a number of organizations in the Seattle area that serve immigrant needs, including the Secondary Bilingual Orientation Center, and Casa Latina.  These are resources I can use to have a baseline for my research.  By looking at community centers in Berlin this summer, I hope to gain a better understanding of community organizing, seeing what aspects stay consistent place to place, and what must adapt  to suit the situation it faces.

            I have several questions which will help frame my research as I go.  I anticipate that my broad focus will narrow as I learn more about the topic.  First, what is the involvement of faith communities for organizing with immigrants in Berlin?  I know that here in Seattle and in California, immigrant networks receive much support from churches, synagogues, and other religious institutions.  I am somewhat aware of tensions present in Berlin regarding Muslim immigration, and wonder if there is a supportive, antagonistic or ambivalent relationship between Muslim immigrants and local or otherwise “German” faith groups.  I also wonder about education for immigrant communities.  How are Turkish or other immigrant children expected to integrate into German culture?  Do immigration networks provide services for adults to learn German and otherwise culturally integrate?  Another area of interest and currently of ignorance for me is documentation of immigrants.  I plan to learn more about German immigration law to know if they face similar challenges that undocumented immigrants have here: lack of mobility, threat of deportation, wage theft, mistreatment in the workplace, etc.  If so, what do immigration networks do to address these issues?

            Before departing for Berlin I will explore the resources available for immigrants here in the United States.  My preliminary research will include Casa Latina in Seattle, Seattle’s Secondary Bilingual Orientation Center, and the Yolo Interfaith Immigration network in my hometown of Davis, California.  I will also try to educate myself on the specifics of German immigration law before getting there.

Preliminary Sources:

Dufour, Pascale and Pierre Monforte.  “Mobilizing In Borderline Citizenship Regimes: A

Comparative Analysis of Undocumented Migrants Collective Actions.”  Sage Journals

Online, 15 April 2011.  Web. 25 May 2011.

http://pas.sagepub.com/content/39/2/203.full.pdf+html

Ellermann, Antje.  States Against Migrants: Deportation in Germany and the United States.  New

York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Castles, Stephen, Peo Hassen, and Carl-Urlik Schierup.  Migration, Citizenship, and the

European Wellfare State.  Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Reflections on Excerpts on Sassen's "Guests and Aliens"

While I have a keen interest in US immigration, I came into this seminar with little to no knowledge of any European country's immigration policies. Having started reading about differences between policies and misconceptions about the nature of immigration, I find I am fascinated. I especially see parallels between immigration in Germany in the 19th and 20th centuries and current immigration issues in the US. I am aware of the popular sentiment that Mexican immigrants and migrants are coming to the US in alarming numbers. Reading these selections made it clear to me that this reaction probably results from looking at the situation statically. Stepping back to realize patterns of immigration over long periods of time shows a very different picture than that of an inpouring of immigrants in greater and greater numbers. People immigrate and emigrate from different regions for different reasons. What I understood Sassen to say was that these reasons are most often structural rather than personal. Germany, France and Italy each developed a different immigration policy depending on its country's needs at the time. Looking at these historical examples while trying to understand our (the US's) own situation can help us to formulate more effective immigration policies than simply "closing the gates."

US immigration parallels Germany in the prejudice generated by public fear of increasing immigration. For Germany it generated Polenpolitik - laws intended to target the Polish immigrant population. For the US, this fear has been used to justify racial profiling in police work, airports and other public institutions. Sassen's analysis of French immigration highlighted the paradox of France's need for immigrants for military service and work with it's population's simultaneous dislike for the immigrant population. The US depends heavily on Mexican immigrants for agricultural and care work, while native US citizens hold immigrants in contempt. The Italian story of immigration in Sassen's work shows the reverse side of the previously mentioned trend: a country whose emigrant population was responsible for some of the most essential yet undesirable jobs, yet received little respect or gratitude for their labor.